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Canadian model of occupational performance and engagement
The Canadian Model of Occupational Performance and Engagement (CMOP-E) was developed by the Canadian Association of Occupational Therapists in 1997, and describes transactions and mutual influences between the dimensions of occupational performance 〔Law M.L, Cooper BA, Strong S. Stewart D, Rigby P and Letts L (1997). Theoretical contexts for practice of occupational therapy in Christiansen CH and Baum CM (eds.)Occupational Therapy: Enabling function and well-being (2nd Ed) New Jersey, SLACK〕 It is applied by the accompanying Occupational Performance Process Model, which describes the therapeutic process from a client’s perspective 〔Fearing VG, Law M and Clark J (1997). An occupational performance process model: Fostering client and therapist alliances. ''Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy'', 64(1), 7-15〕〔Stanton S, Thompson–Franson T and Kramer C. (2002). Linking concepts to a process for working with clients. In Townsend E, Stanton S, Law M, Polatajko M, Baptiste S, Thompson-Franson T, Kramer C, Swedlove F, Brintnell S and Campanile L (2002). Enabling occupation, An occupational therapy perspective. Revised edition. Ottawa, CAOT Publications ACE.〕〔Clarke C (2003). Clinical application of the Canadian Model of Occupational Performance in a forensic rehabilitation hostel. ''British Journal of Occupational Therapy'', 66(4), 171-174〕 The main model illustrates the relationship between person, occupation and environment. Spirituality is the fourth dimension, placed in the centre of the model to highlight its fundamental importance.
==History==
The current CMOP-E results from developments in occupational therapy spanning thirty years. It was initially inspired by occupational performance frameworks proposed by the American Occupational Therapy Association 〔American Occupational Therapy Association, Inc. (1974). A curriculum guide for occupational therapy educators. Rockville, MD: Author〕 and Reed and Sanderson. 〔Reed, K. L., & Sanderson, S.R. (1980) Concepts of occupational therapy. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins〕 However, calls to develop a national quality assurance system lead to its forerunner in 1983 - 'Client-Centred Guidelines for the Practice of Occupational Therapy'. 〔Baum CM and Law M (1997). Occupational therapy practice: Focusing on occupational performance. ''American Journal of Occupational Therapy'', 51(4), 277-288〕 Refinements in the model are evident in further guideline statements 〔Canadian Association of Occupational Therapists (1991). Occupational therapy guidelines for client-centred practice. Toronto, CAOT Publications ACE.〕〔Health Canada and Canadian Association of Occupational Therapists (1993). Occupational therapy guidelines for client-centred mental health practice. Toronto, CAOT Publications ACE.〕 and 'Enabling Occupation, A Canadian Occupational Therapy Perspective'. 〔Townsend E, Stanton S, Law M, Polatajko M, Baptiste S, Thompson-Franson T, Kramer C, Swedlove F, Brintnell S and Campanile L (2002). Enabling occupation, An occupational therapy perspective. Revised edition. Ottawa, CAOT Publications ACE〕 The model’s national development is a unique feature and so CMOP does not reflect the views of any one individual. However while some assume the model has no cultural bias and adaptation has been encouraged, little research has been conducted into the efficacy of its application in non western societies. 〔〔Awaad T (2003). Culture, cultural competency and occupational therapy: A review of the literature. ''British Journal of Occupational Therapy'', 66(8), 356-362〕〔Cresswell MK and Rugg SA (2003). The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, Its use with clients with schizophrenia. ''International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation'', 10(12), 544-551〕
Apart from cultural relevance, Kielhofner 〔Kielhofner G (1997). ''Conceptual Foundations of Occupational Therapy''. 2nd Ed. Philadelphia, F.A.Davis〕 identifies four characteristics of well developed models which CMOP possesses to varying degrees,
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